Toplology
Topology deals with surfaces and forms some of which are physically possible and others which are only theoretically possible. While extensive mathematical evaluation is pursued many examples can be illustrated and even physically constructed. Common objects such as doughnuts, rings, hoops and tubes are similar topologically.
The Möbius Strip can be constructed with a piece of paper
and a 3-d model of the Klein bottle has been made.
The illustrations here show examples of open and closed systems. Illustrations 1 and 5 are closed or self contained systems with no access to the external environment.
The Möbius Strip can be constructed with a piece of paper
and a 3-d model of the Klein bottle has been made.
The illustrations here show examples of open and closed systems. Illustrations 1 and 5 are closed or self contained systems with no access to the external environment.
Illustrations 2 and 3 along with the top image are open systems with at least one opening to the external environment.